Measure momentum
Compare how mass and signed velocity determine an object’s momentum.
AP Physics 1 · Unit 4 · Linear Momentum
Momentum and Impulse
Change a force pulse, compare the resulting motion, and connect force–time area with impulse and change in momentum.
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- Self-paced
Start guided lesson
Learn by doing
Three ideas you’ll put into motion
Change a force pulse
Investigate how force magnitude and contact time affect the momentum change.
Use graph evidence
Read a force–time area and compare the impulse with measured initial and final momentum.
The big idea
The key ideas, at a glance.
Momentum includes direction
Linear momentum is p = mv. Keep the velocity sign when calculating a component of momentum.
Impulse changes momentum
Net impulse is J = Δp. The signed area under a net-force–time graph gives the same momentum change.
A quick comparison
Compare two constant-force pulses with equal force, one lasting twice as long.
Same force → twice the impulse for twice the time.
Teaching this topic?Classroom fit, AP connections, and support
- Classroom fit
- Use for a concept introduction, guided independent practice, or a projected class discussion.
- Before students begin
- Velocity, Newton’s second law, and areas of rectangles and triangles.
- Built-in support
- Prepared scenes, guided prompts, and feedback on lesson questions.
- AP Physics 1 connections
- Unit 4: linear momentum, impulse, and force–time representations.
- Check for understanding
- Ask how a longer stopping time can reduce average force for the same momentum change.
- Optional extension
- Explore the Impulse with Spring Bumpers lab.
Ready to test your thinking?
The first scene is set up. Start the lesson and explore.